The "Mona Lisa" once hung in Napoleon's bedroom.

Arts & Culture

L eonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa" has been on display at the Louvre Museum since 1804, but before that it hung in a rather less accessible location: the bedroom of French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte. After Leonardo died in 1519, the "Mona Lisa" eventually passed into the possession of the artist's patron, King Francis I of France, and it remained the property of the French monarchy for more than 250 years. During the French Revolution (1789 to 1799), the painting was requisitioned by the rebelling public and officially became the property of the French Republic. However, this did not mean that the average French citizen was able to view Leonardo's masterpiece.

Napoleon Bonaparte, who rose to power in revolutionary France, had become enamored with the mysterious woman in the portrait — he even took to referring to her as "Madame Lisa" and the "Sphinx of the Occident." In 1800, he ordered that the painting be transferred to his private bedchambers at Tuileries Palace in Paris. Since Napoleon was, well, Napoleon, nobody argued with him, and he enjoyed the privilege of having one of the world's most famous works of art hanging by his bedside for four years. In 1804, the "Mona Lisa" was transferred from Napoleon's bedroom to the Grand Gallery of the Louvre Museum, and since then no individual has had the audacity (or power) to add it to their private collection. It remains on public display to this day.

Together with

The Best Hearing Aid in 2024: The Clarity Is Impressive

Imagine this: You're in a crowded restaurant. You're with friends, family, colleagues — take your pick. There's music playing, people all around, and it's not super easy to hear the conversation. What do you do? Here are your options: You can lean in, read lips, ask for repeats, or — hear us out — you could give this tiny new hearing aid a try. hear.com's new bestselling device is making conversation effortless, even in background noise — and the clarity is impressive. So if you want to join 350,000 happy customers and give it a try, you know what to do: Click below!

Learn More

Thank you for supporting our sponsors! They help us keep History Facts free.

By the Numbers

Current value (in U.S. dollars) of the "Mona Lisa"

$860 million

Soldiers in Napoleon's army at the height of his power

600,000

Did you know?

Pablo Picasso was once arrested for stealing the "Mona Lisa."

One Tuesday morning in 1911, a French artist visited the Louvre Museum and noticed the "Mona Lisa" was absent from its usual spot on the gallery wall. After a thorough search of the entire museum, authorities realized that the painting had been stolen. The theft of the "Mona Lisa" caused an immediate sensation, and visitors began flocking to the Louvre just to see the empty spot on the wall where Leonardo's masterpiece once hung. During their investigation into the theft, French authorities arrested a young artist named Pablo Picasso. Picasso had a history of purchasing stolen art from the museum, so he immediately came under suspicion. After an appearance in court, during which he made an emotional protestation of innocence, Picasso was cleared of suspicion, and two years later the painting was located in Italy, where the real thief, former Louvre employee Vincenzo Peruggia, was caught trying to sell it to an art dealer in Florence.