The Republic of San Marino was established in 301 CE, making it the world's oldest-surviving constitutional republic.
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What Are the World's Only 3 Enclave Countries?

The Republic of San Marino was established in 301 CE, making it the world's oldest-surviving constitutional republic.

This microstate sits on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains in northern-central Italy, encompassed by the regions of Emilia-Romagna and Marche. According to legend, San Marino was founded when Saint Marinus (from whom the country derives its name) moved from Rab Island in present-day Croatia to Mount Titano and attracted a group of followers. While there, he performed a miracle and was given Mount Titano by its legal owner; he subsequently bequeathed it to the community upon his death.

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